Zidovudine, also known as AZT, is a well-established antiretroviral medication primarily used in the management of HIV infection. As a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), Zidovudine works by inhibiting the reverse transcriptase enzyme, which is crucial for the replication of HIV. This action helps to reduce the viral load in patients, thereby slowing the progression of the disease and improving immune function.

In addition to its use in treating HIV, Zidovudine is also employed in preventing mother-to-child transmission of the virus during childbirth. Its efficacy in reducing perinatal transmission has made it a critical component in prenatal care for HIV-positive mothers. Zidovudine is often used in combination with other antiretroviral agents to enhance therapeutic outcomes and minimize the risk of resistance development.

When considering Zidovudine for compounding, it is essential to be aware of its pharmacokinetics and potential side effects. Zidovudine is well-absorbed orally, with peak plasma concentrations typically reached within one to two hours. Common side effects include anemia, neutropenia, and gastrointestinal disturbances, which necessitate careful monitoring of patients during treatment.

For prescribers, understanding the role of Zidovudine in antiretroviral therapy is crucial for optimizing patient care. Its inclusion in treatment regimens should be based on individual patient needs, resistance patterns, and potential drug interactions. By leveraging Zidovudine's therapeutic benefits, healthcare providers can significantly impact the management of HIV, improving patient outcomes and quality of life.