Methotrexate is a potent antimetabolite and antifolate drug widely used in various therapeutic areas, including oncology, rheumatology, and dermatology. It functions by inhibiting dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme crucial for DNA synthesis and cell replication, making it effective in treating rapidly dividing cells in conditions such as cancer and autoimmune diseases.

In oncology, methotrexate is utilized for its ability to target and disrupt the proliferation of malignant cells, making it a cornerstone in the treatment of certain leukemias, lymphomas, and solid tumors. Its immunosuppressive properties are also harnessed in the management of autoimmune disorders like rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis, where it helps reduce inflammation and slow disease progression.

Due to its mechanism of action, methotrexate requires careful dosing and monitoring to minimize potential side effects, such as hepatotoxicity, myelosuppression, and mucositis. Prescribers must consider patient-specific factors, including renal function and concurrent medications, to optimize therapeutic outcomes while mitigating risks.

Compounded formulations of methotrexate offer tailored dosing options that can enhance patient adherence and treatment efficacy, particularly in cases where standard dosages are not suitable. These customized solutions can be especially beneficial for patients with unique therapeutic needs or those experiencing adverse effects from conventional formulations.