Efavirenz is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) widely used in the treatment of HIV-1 infection. It functions by inhibiting the reverse transcriptase enzyme, which is crucial for the replication of the HIV virus, thereby reducing viral load and improving immune function in patients.

Efavirenz is often included in antiretroviral therapy regimens due to its efficacy and once-daily dosing convenience. It is metabolized primarily by the liver, with cytochrome P450 enzymes playing a significant role in its biotransformation, which necessitates careful consideration of potential drug interactions.

Common side effects associated with Efavirenz include central nervous system symptoms such as dizziness, insomnia, and vivid dreams, which may diminish over time. Prescribers should monitor patients for these effects and consider dose adjustments or alternative therapies if necessary.

Efavirenz is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to the drug or any of its components. It is also advised to avoid use during pregnancy, particularly in the first trimester, due to potential teratogenic effects.

When prescribing Efavirenz, it is essential to consider the patient's overall antiretroviral regimen, potential drug-drug interactions, and individual patient factors such as liver function and pregnancy status. Regular monitoring and patient education on adherence and side effect management are crucial for optimizing treatment outcomes.