Citrulline is a non-essential amino acid that plays a crucial role in the urea cycle, helping to detoxify ammonia and convert it into urea for excretion. It is naturally found in foods like watermelon and is also produced in the body from ornithine. Citrulline is often used in compounded formulations to support cardiovascular health, enhance athletic performance, and improve muscle recovery.

In the body, citrulline is converted into arginine, another amino acid that is a precursor to nitric oxide, a molecule that helps dilate blood vessels and improve blood flow. This vasodilatory effect can be beneficial for patients with conditions such as hypertension or erectile dysfunction. Additionally, citrulline supplementation has been shown to reduce muscle soreness and improve exercise endurance, making it a popular choice among athletes and active individuals.

Research suggests that citrulline may also have potential benefits in managing conditions like heart failure and sickle cell disease, due to its ability to enhance nitric oxide production and improve endothelial function. Furthermore, citrulline is often preferred over direct arginine supplementation because it is better absorbed and utilized by the body, leading to more effective increases in plasma arginine levels.

For prescribers considering citrulline in compounded formulations, it is important to note its safety profile and potential interactions with other medications. Citrulline is generally well-tolerated, with few reported side effects, but it may interact with medications that affect blood pressure or blood flow. As with any supplement, it is advisable to monitor patients for any adverse reactions and adjust dosages as necessary to achieve optimal therapeutic outcomes.