Cephalexin is a first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic widely utilized in the treatment of bacterial infections. It functions by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis, leading to cell lysis and death, making it effective against a broad spectrum of gram-positive bacteria and some gram-negative bacteria. This mechanism of action makes cephalexin a valuable option for treating infections such as respiratory tract infections, skin and soft tissue infections, and urinary tract infections.

Cephalexin is often chosen for its favorable safety profile and efficacy, making it a preferred choice in both pediatric and adult populations. It is generally well-tolerated, with common side effects including gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Allergic reactions, though rare, can occur, particularly in patients with a history of penicillin allergy.

In the context of compounding, cephalexin can be formulated into various dosage forms to meet specific patient needs, such as liquid suspensions for those who have difficulty swallowing tablets. This flexibility allows for personalized dosing regimens, enhancing patient compliance and therapeutic outcomes. Prescribers should consider the patient's medical history, potential drug interactions, and specific infection characteristics when selecting cephalexin as a treatment option.

Cephalexin's pharmacokinetic properties include good oral absorption and a relatively short half-life, necessitating multiple daily doses to maintain effective therapeutic levels. It is primarily excreted unchanged in the urine, which underscores the importance of dose adjustments in patients with renal impairment. Understanding these pharmacological aspects is crucial for optimizing treatment efficacy and minimizing adverse effects.